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Substance Abuse: The Danger of Superficiality in e-Learning

“In an era of excessive information, you have to wonder: how much of it is it real or matters? … How often do we create courses that look and sound good but are in fact cognitively opaque? How often do we design learning by staying near the surface? How often do we sacrifice depth and rigor for the sake of expediency? If you took down 80% of your e-Learning courses for one day, how many people in your organization would complain?”

 “In quantum gravity, as we shall see, the space-time manifold ceases to exist as an objective physical reality. Geometry becomes relational and contextual; and the foundational conceptual categories of prior science – among them existence itself – become problematized and relativized.”

This is an excerpt from an article on quantum gravity written by Alan Sokal, professor of physics at New York University. Mr. Sokal submitted this article to a leading academic journal, which published it quickly, without much scrutiny. Because the information appeared sophisticated and intelligent, the editors failed to notice that the article was in fact a parody meant to test and trick them. You can imagine the controversy. If you Google “Sokal hoax,” you can learn more about lack of intellectual rigor and the “anything goes” approach to information distribution.

In an era of excessive information, you have to wonder: how much of it is real or matters? The Sokal affair, as labeled by Google, prompted me to reflect on the concept of superficiality and how it relates to e-Learning. How often do we create courses that look and sound good but are in fact cognitively opaque? How often do we design learning by staying near the surface? How often do we sacrifice depth and rigor for the sake of expediency? If you took down 80% of your e-Learning courses for one day, how many people in your organization would complain?

After creating and completing hundreds of e-Learning products, I am noticing a trend towards substance abuse: we sometimes provide too little information, thinking we are doing users a favor, or we provide too much… thinking we are doing users a favor; or content is not really that important as long as it looks good. And most of this superficiality happens because we are often in a rush to deliver and don’t have the time or the energy to devote to thorough analysis.

Substance abuse in training can have serious consequences: on-the-job performance suffers, Help Desks get busier, and e-Learning gets a bad rep. How do we stop providing the mirage of e-Learning? What are some practical cures for superficiality? Read on.

The reality of less

Sometimes we oversimplify e-Learning content for the sake of brevity. And who is to blame us? We are addressing a culture of students with increasingly shorter attention spans; a generation of learners who wish to avoid inconveniences of prolonged training periods … learners who are after pleasant, instant stimulations, shortcuts, and quick fixes. As designers, you might be thinking: why clog output with unnecessary argument? Thorough treatment is for the academics.

Media and advertising, with their melodramatic sound-bites and slogans, are not helping our cause. You see ads that persuade people to believe they can get high gains with minimum effort. Look at slogans that promise a complete meal in three minutes, tax submission in two steps, and better abs in one move or less. If people are convinced they can get results without effort in most areas of their lives (family, fitness, entertainment), why not expect the same from e-Learning? Why engage in effortful pursuits when instant, comfortable chunks are so much easier to handle? Super…

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I think this is a good planning practice reminder. In a world where we already receive over-distilled information (e.g. PowerPoint slides), this article should be required reading for instructional designers and program planners. We do a disservice to our learners from taking the heart out of the content we develop for them.
Good, insightful, helpful information for designers
I find a balance between chunking and complete content by including e-learning course navigation options.

A module includes complete content, but each part of the topic is presented in a few slides and following by one or two questions to test understanding. If incorrect, the presentation jumps to the slide that contained the answer.

The student can easily jump to the topic of interest or take the whole course, and this control is appreciated -- the e-learning modules created in this fashion are the most accessed and send to others.

There is often a section called 'Why it works' (or something like that) for the students that are interested in the background, but the 'list-learners' don't have to access it if they don't want to.
cjstape

Best article I have read in a long time. Great message to temper our ability to condense an immense amount of information on a single screen (via clicks, rollovers, layers…). Information dissemination is not good e-learning. Loved the analogies and metaphors. If we all took this message to heart it would transform the industry. Thanks!
Hi Carmen,
As a senior instructional designer, I appreciate all the points you made in this well-written article. I especially appreciate the use of relevant graphics to support your text.
JoAnn Gelula
There is another side to this viewpoint. I agree that dumbing down the content or oversimplification can be damaging to the goals of a solution. However, the same can be said of the opposite. Jamming MORE into a product without thought of strategy, relevance, or application is equally horrid.

From experience, I know that people appreciate brevity and clarity. People prefer 'here's what we need you to DO, and here's some content that'll help you KNOW what to do' over 'Hey, acquire all this information. And this too. And since WE know this as subject matter experts, we think you should know it too.'

The magic is in finding the balance, knowing your audience, and staying realistic with your goals.

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